From the middle of the nineteenth century, the industrialization of society led to significant changes in Paris and the surrounding cities. The museum’s collections illustrate this context marked by urban, demographic and political upheavals, like the events of the siege and the Paris Commune of 1870-1871. Artists and artisans are inspired by this renewal, whether they network in workshops in Montmartre or they create manufactured objects in the factories of the Plaine district in Saint-Denis.